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//-->HOWTORECXXiNIZEARTCHINESE«:I_^'•*V>i^riHOWTORECOGNIZEARTPENGUINBOOKSAuthorDrSianFrancoMalafarinaIdeaandrealizationHarryC.LindingerGraphicdesignGerryValsecchiArtistMariarosaContiTranslatorsEricaandArthurPropperContentsIntroductionArchitectureSculpturePaintingAppliedArtsGlossaryBibliographyIndexPhotocredits3620365062636364PenguinBooks,625MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NewYork10022PenguinBooksCanadaLimited,2801JohnStreet,Markham,Ontario,CanadaL3R 1B4FirstFirstFirstpublishedpublishedpublishedinItalyininbyRizzoliEditore,Milan,1979GreatBritainbyMacdonaldEducationalLtd1979theUnitedStatesofAmericaandCanadabyPenguinBooks19801978Ltd,Copyright©RizzoliEditore,Milan,EnglisheditioncopyrightAllrightsreservedPrintedinItaly©MacdonaldEducational1979byRizzoliEditoreArtistictraditionIntroductionThelongestartistictraditionoftheworld'sgreatiscivili-undoubtedlythatofChina,extendingfromatleastthethirdmillenniumBCtothepresentday.TheoriginalnucleusofChinesecivilizationwasthebasinoftheYellowRiverinthenorthernpartofthecountry.Itwasherethattheearliestspecimensofasophisticatedneolithicpotterytraditionwerefound.Thpfirstoftheimperialdynasties,theShang(1650-1027BC),sawtheriseoftheartofbronze-casting.Theartwasre-markableforitsproductionofvesselsincisedandcarvedwithmonstrousdecorativeanimalmotifs.BytheriseoftheChoudynasty(1027-256BC)thesemotifs,whichatfirsthaddisplayedsuchpowerfulvitalityandexpressive-zationsness,becamestylizedandabstract.Inthecourseoftime,theChineseworldviewbecamepreoccupiedwiththesupernatural,andbytheHandynasty(206BC-AD220),manhimselfwasincreasinglythesubjectofanumberofartformsinhisownright.lessChineseartwaschieflyaristocraticinitsoutlookandpatronage.Theindividualsdepictedwerenotfromthecommonpeople,butdignitariesoftheImperialsuite,courtladies,monks,andscholars.UndertheT'angdynasty(AD618-907)Chinaat-taineditsgreatestterritorialextent,fromTibetinthewest,toKoreainthenorth-east.MuchChineseartoftheT'angdynastywasinspiredbyCentralAsiancultures.andtheSung(AD960-1279),Chinesesocietyachievedanunrivalledsophisti-cation.Nevertheless,thereremainedaconcernforhar-monywithman'ssurroundings.Thiswassoughtpartlybyobservanceofritualandthemaintenanceoftraditi-UnderboththeT'angdynastyonallyrigidrelations—thoseoftheEmperorwithhissubjectsorofparentswithchildren,asintheteachingsofConfucius—andpartlyundertheinfluenceoftheTaoist
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